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Fort Saulsbury was a United States Army coastal defense fort near Slaughter Beach and Milford, Delaware. From 1924 to 1943 it was the primary heavy gun defense in the Harbor Defenses of the Delaware. In 1943 it was itself superseded by the longer-range 16-inch guns of Fort Miles at Cape Henlopen, Delaware, to which two of Fort Saulsbury's four guns were relocated. Fort Saulsbury was named for Willard Saulsbury Sr., a former US Senator from Delaware.
The Harbor Defenses of the Delaware were previously Forts Fort Delaware, Fort DuPont, and Mott, all near Delaware City. They were sited well north in the Delaware River estuary due to the short range of their guns. The long-range guns of Fort Saulsbury allowed an enemy to be engaged much further south. Fort Saulsbury consisted of Batteries Hall and Haslet, each with two 12-inch guns and a large ammunition and fire control bunker constructed of reinforced concrete and earth. 12-inch bunker drawings at FortSaulsburyDE.com Battery Hall was named for David Hall, a Revolutionary War officer and former Governor of Delaware. Battery Haslet was named for John Haslet, also a Revolutionary War officer, killed at the Battle of Princeton. Like the initial construction of similar batteries, the guns were in the open and would have been vulnerable to air attack. Apparently the fort's position back from the coast was thought to be sufficient concealment against attack from the sea. Unusually, Fort Saulsbury had no smaller guns sited near it, probably since it had no minefield requiring rapid-fire guns to defend against . Both batteries were completed in 1920 but apparently not accepted for service until 1924, as most references give that date for their entry into service.
The fort was in caretaker status, with a maintenance garrison of about eight men, from its completion until 1939, when eight administrative buildings were authorized. Fort Saulsbury in WW2 at FortSaulsburyDE.com Circa 1940 five fire control towers were built to support Fort Saulsbury. These were located at South Bowers Beach, Big Stone Beach, Cedar Beach, Fowler's Beach and Broadkill Beach. Fire control towers at FortSaulsburyDE.com Only the Big Stone Beach tower remains as of 2020. In early 1943 Battery Haslet's guns were relocated to Battery 519 at Fort Miles. Fort Saulsbury in WW2 at FortSaulsburyde.com
With the construction of new batteries with 16-inch guns in World War II, almost all previous heavy weapons were scrapped by the end of 1943. The long-range 12-inch batteries were, however, mostly retained in service. During World War II most of these batteries were enclosed in heavy concrete for protection against air attack. Only Fort Saulsbury, Battery Kimble at Fort Travis, Texas, Battery MacKenzie at Fort Sherman, Panama Canal Zone, and Batteries Smith and Hearn in the Philippines were not casemated. Thus Fort Saulsbury is the best-preserved battery of its type in its original state.
Also in World War II, Fort Saulsbury served as a prisoner-of-war camp for Nazi Germany and Italian prisoners.
In 1946, with the war over, Fort Saulsbury's guns were scrapped along with almost all other US coast artillery weapons. The fort was sold in 1948 to a private owner. Fort Saulsbury at RussPickett.com Fort Saulsbury disposal at FortSaulsburyde.com
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